Incorporating Criterion Ratings Into Model-Based Rater Monitoring Procedures Using Latent-Class Signal Detection Theory

This study presents a new criterion-referenced approach for exploring rating quality within the framework of latent-class signal detection theory (LC-SDT) that goes beyond commonly used reliability indices, and provides substantively meaningful indicators of rater accuracy that can be used to inform rater training and monitoring at the individual rater level. Specifically, this study illustrates a flexible application of restricted LC-SDT modeling, in which restrictions can be specified for the true latent classification to reflect the unique characteristics of a particular assessment context. While the LC-SDT modeling framework provides immediately useful characterizations of raters' behavior, the restricted LC-SDT offers complementary evidence to further support the monitoring of rater behavior by bringing criterion ratings to bear. This study uses ratings from a large-scale writing assessment, and findings suggest that the criterion (i.e., restricted) LC-SDT provides useful information about rating quality for operational raters relative to criterion ratings, which may ultimately inform rater training and monitoring procedures.