Extracting and Interpreting Unknown Factors with Classifier for Foot Strike Types in Running

This paper proposes a method that can classify foot strike types using a deep learning model and can extract unknown factors, which enables to evaluate running motions without being influenced by biases of sports experts, using the contribution degree of input values (CDIV). Accelerometers are attached to the runner's body, and when the runner runs, a fixed camera observes the runner and acquires a video sequence synchronously with the accelerometers. To train a deep learning model for classifying foot strikes, we annotate foot strike acceleration data for RFS (Rearfoot strike) or non-RFS objectively by watching the video. To interpret the unknown factors extracted from the learned model, we calculate two CDIVs: the contributions of the resampling time and the accelerometer value to the output (foot strike type). Experiments on classifying unknown runners' foot strikes were conducted. As a common result to sport science, it is confirmed that the CDIVs contribute highly at the time of the right foot strike, and the sensor values corresponding to the right and left tibias contribute highly to classifying the foot strikes. Experimental results show the right tibia is important for classifying foot strikes. This is because many of the training data represent difference between the two foot strikes in the right tibia. As a conclusion, our proposed method could extract unknown factors from the classifier and could interpret the factors that contain similar knowledge to the prior knowledge of experts, as well as new findings that are not included in conventional knowledge.