Carotid artery stenting. To be or not to be?

Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has been the standard of care for suitable patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic high grade carotid stenosis since the landmark NASCET (North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial), ECST (European Carotid Surgery Trial) and ACAS (Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Surgery) studies performed in the 1990s and more recently the ACST (Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial). Carotid artery stenting (CAS) in the treatment of both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with high grade carotid stenosis has recently been investigated as an alternative to CEA. We present a review of the most recent CAS trials and examine some of the controversies that surround them.