Effects of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in Dogs with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treated with and without Corticosteroids

Simple Summary The conventional treatment of canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes corticosteroids, but they cannot contain the disease effectively in a percentage of patients. Still, their suppression can lead to a worsening. Moreover, the application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as an alternative has yielded promising results. However, they have been always infused after a washout period of any other immunosuppressants. Therefore, the feasibility and effects of the combination of stem cells and prednisone in IBD-dogs will be evaluated for the first time in this study. A single infusion of MSCs were administered to a group of IBD-dogs without any treatment and to another having prednisone treatment with poor response. The changes in two clinical indices, albumin and cobalamin concentration were assessed after one, three, six and 12 months. In both groups, an alleviation of the disease severity and an increase in albumin and cobalamin concentrations were observed at each visit. In parallel, the steroid dosage was gradually reduced until it was suppressed in all patients a year after the stem cell infusion. Therefore, the benefits of stem cell transplantation in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease receiving or not prednisone are significant and lasting. Mesenchymal stem cells have proven to be a promising alternative to conventional steroids to treat canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, their administration requires a washout period of immunosuppressive drugs that can lead to an exacerbation of the symptoms. Therefore, the feasibility and effects of the combined application of stem cells and prednisone in IBD-dogs without adequate response to corticosteroids was evaluated for the first time in this study over a long- term follow up. Two groups of dogs with IBD, one without treatment and another with prednisone treatment, received a single infusion of stem cells. The clinical indices, albumin and cobalamin were determined prior to the infusion and after one, three, six and 12 months. In both groups, all parameters significantly improved at each time point. In parallel, the steroid dosage was gradually reduced until it was suppressed in all patients a year after the cell therapy. Therefore, cell therapy can significantly and safely improve the disease condition in dogs with IBD receiving or not receiving prednisone. Furthermore, the steroid dosage can be significantly reduced or cancelled after the stem cell infusion. Their beneficial effects are stable over time and are long lasting.