Evolving Diagnostic and Therapeutic Options for Visceral Artery Aneurysms

Background: Visceral arter y aneur ysms (VAAs) are associated with a very high mortality rate when ruptured and may present as a surgical emergency. Due to their rarity and varying pathophysiology, literature concerning the optimal management of VAAs is limited. This review evaluates the evolving management options for VAAs with a focus on open and endovascular repair. Methods: A combination of databases including OVID, PubMed and Medline were used to perform a literature search. Search terms employed include 'visceral arter y aneur ysms', 'angiography', '3D-volumetr ic render ing', 'management', 'open repair' and 'endovascular repair', amongst others. Results: 3D modelling in conjunction with existing diagnostic techniques, such as computed tomography and angiography, may improve diagnostic sensitivity. The literature surrounding operative management of VAAs highlights the effectiveness of endovascular repair for anatomically suitable aneurysms. Advances in endovascular technologies may expand the type and number of aneurysms amenable to catheter-based treatment approaches. For aneurysms not amenable to endovascular treatment, or those with an emergency indication, open repair remains an appropriate management choice. Conclusion: Although rare, VAAs pose a high mortality risk, especially when ruptured. Practical limitations that restrict current operative approaches may be overcome by recent developments including novel neurointerventional techniques that have been applied in VAA management.