The effect of home-based program and outpatient physical therapy in patients with head and neck cancer: A randomized, controlled trial

Objectives: Physical therapy improves outcomes for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) but home-based program (HBP) has not yet been investigated thoroughly. This study compared a HBP with outpatient physical therapy (OPT). Methods: This trial categorized patients with primary HNC into OPT and HBP groups. The patients in the HBP group received home-based therapy once a day for 5 days per week. By contrast, the OPT group received various physical therapies, including aerobic, anaerobic, and stretching therapies, twice per week, plus a thrice-weekly home-based therapy that similarly consisted of aerobic, anaerobic, and stretching exercises. The major outcome was the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Head and Neck (FACT H & N), and secondary outcomes were the visual analog scale (VAS) of shoulder pain, 6-min walking test (6MWT), and shoulder range of motion (ROM), all of which were evaluated before, during, and after interventions. Results: Significant improvements were found after 12 weeks of the HBP or OPT. The HBP was not inferior to OPT regarding FACT H & N (p = .074), VAS of shoulder pain (p = .677), 6MWT (p = .677), and shoulder ROM (p = .145 for flexion; p = .383 for abduction). Conclusions: Both the HBP and OPT can improve shoulder abduction, shoulder flexion and functional capacity.