The impact of pretreatment with simvastatin on kidney tissue of rats with acute sepsis

It has been reported that changes in cytokine levels affect mitochondrial functions, levels of hypoxia-inducible factor alpha (HIF-1 alpha), and tissue damage during sepsis. We aimed to investigate the effects of simvastatin pretreatment on mitochondrial enzyme activities, and on levels of ghrelin, HIF-1 alpha, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in kidney tissue during sepsis. Rats were separated into four groups, namely, control, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (20 mg/kg), simvastatin (20 mg/kg), and simvastatin + LPS. We measured the levels of mitochondrial enzyme activities and TBARS in the kidney using spectrophotometry. The histological structure of the kidney sections was examined after staining with hematoxylin and eosin. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-10, HIF-1 alpha, and ghrelin immunoreactivity were examined using proper antibodies. In tissue, TNF-alpha (p < 0.01) and HIF-1 alpha (p < 0.05) levels were increased in the simvastatin + LPS and LPS groups. TBARS levels were higher in the LPS group than in the other groups (p < 0.01), but they were similar in the simvastatin + LPS and control groups (p > 0.05). Ghrelin immunoreactivity was lower in the LPS group (p < 0.05) and higher in the simvastatin + LPS group than in the LPS group (p < 0.01). We observed tubular damage in the sections of the LPS group. There were no differences in mitochondrial enzyme activities between the groups (p > 0.05). We observed that pretreatment of simvastatin caused favorable changes on ghrelin and TBARS levels in rats with sepsis.