Validation, reliability, and cross-cultural adaptation study of Graded Chronic Pain Scale Revised into Turkish in patients with primary low back pain

Objective This study aims to assess the adaptation of the Graded Chronic Pain Scale-Revised to the Turkish language and psychometric properties in patients with primary low back pain. Methods The translation from the original text into the Turkish language was carried out step by step in accordance with the recommendations. Structural validity was analyzed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Reliability was carried out by internal consistency and test-retest analysis. Convergent validity was evaluated through scales composed in accordance with the research standards for chronic low back pain with the National Institutes of Health Task Force recommendations. Results One hundred thirty-five patients, 58 (43%) men and 77 (57%) women, completed the study. A two-factor structure was obtained according to EFA. The first factor consisted of questions 3, 4, and 5, and the same questions constitute the Pain, Enjoyment of Life, and General Activity scale. Cronbach alpha coefficient r = 0.814 (good internal consistency) was calculated for internal consistency. Conclusion In this article, we presented the cross-cultural adaptation process of Graded Chronic Pain Scale-Revised to the Turkish language and evidence of its validity and reliability in a sample of patients with primary low back pain.