Endovascular brachytherapy: Restenosis in de novo versus recurrent lesions of femoropopliteal artery - The Vienna experience

PURPOSE: To determine the effectiveness of endovascular brachytherapy in the prevention of restenosis in recurrent versus de novo femoropopliteal lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ethics committee approval and patient informed consent were obtained. After they had undergone femoropopliteal angioplasty, 199 patients (mean age, 71.9 years +/- 9.6; 115 men, 84 women) were treated with either percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and brachytherapy (n = 100) or PTA alone (n = 99). The patients were part of prospective randomized trials, the Vienna 2 and 3 trials, and were evaluated according to the stratification criterion of de novo or recurrent disease. Sixty-six of 134 patients with a de novo lesion and 34 of 65 patients with a recurrent lesion were randomly assigned to the PTA and brachytherapy arm; the remaining patients were treated with PTA alone. Outcomes were compared between the groups. The Student t test or one-way analysis of variance was used to compare continuous variables, and the X-2 test or Fisher exact test was used to assess dichotomous variables. Kaplan-Meier curves were calculated, and the log-rank test was performed to determine freedom from recurrence at 12 months in both groups. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to evaluate the multivariate predictors of recurrence at 12-month follow-up. RESULTS: For patients with de novo lesions, the frequency of recurrence at 12 months was not significantly different between those who underwent brachytherapy and PTA and those who underwent PTA alone (24 [36%] of 66 patients vs 30 [44%] of 68 patients, P = .32). For patients with recurrent lesions, however, the 12-month recurrence rate was significantly lower in those who received brachytherapy than in those who did not (nine [26%] of 34 patients vs 22 [71%] of 31 patients, P = .004). CONCLUSION: Endovascular brachytherapy with gamma radiation significantly reduces the restenosis rate after femoropopliteal angioplasty of recurrent but not de novo lesions. ((c)) RSNA, 2005.