共 50 条
- [21] Electric-field guiding of magnetic skyrmionsPHYSICAL REVIEW B, 2015, 92 (13)Upadhyaya, Pramey论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USAYu, Guoqiang论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USAAmiri, Pedram Khalili论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USAWang, Kang L.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- [22] Multi-field control on magnetic skyrmionsACTA PHYSICA SINICA, 2018, 67 (13)Dong Bo-Wen论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mat Phys & Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, State Key Lab Magnetism, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mat Phys & Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R ChinaZhang Jing-Yan论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mat Phys & Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mat Phys & Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R ChinaPeng Li-Cong论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, State Key Lab Magnetism, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mat Phys & Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R ChinaHe Min论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, State Key Lab Magnetism, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mat Phys & Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R ChinaZhang Ying论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, State Key Lab Magnetism, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mat Phys & Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R ChinaZhao Yun-Chi论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, State Key Lab Magnetism, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mat Phys & Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R ChinaWang Chao论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, State Key Lab Magnetism, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mat Phys & Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R ChinaSun Yang论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, State Key Lab Magnetism, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mat Phys & Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R ChinaCai Jian-Wang论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, State Key Lab Magnetism, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mat Phys & Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R ChinaWang Wen-Hong论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, State Key Lab Magnetism, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mat Phys & Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R ChinaWei Hong-Xiang论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, State Key Lab Magnetism, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mat Phys & Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R ChinaShen Bao-Gen论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, State Key Lab Magnetism, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mat Phys & Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R ChinaJiang Yong论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mat Phys & Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mat Phys & Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R ChinaWang Shou-Guo论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mat Phys & Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Mat Phys & Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China
- [23] Manipulating and trapping skyrmions by magnetic field gradientsNEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS, 2017, 19Wang, Chengjie论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Tongji Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Shanghai Key Lab Special Artificial Microstruct M, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China Tongji Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Shanghai Key Lab Special Artificial Microstruct M, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R ChinaXiao, Dun论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Tongji Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Shanghai Key Lab Special Artificial Microstruct M, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China Tongji Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Shanghai Key Lab Special Artificial Microstruct M, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R ChinaChen, Xing论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Tongji Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Shanghai Key Lab Special Artificial Microstruct M, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China Tongji Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Shanghai Key Lab Special Artificial Microstruct M, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R ChinaZhou, Yan论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Sch Sci & Engn, Shenzhen 518172, Peoples R China Tongji Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Shanghai Key Lab Special Artificial Microstruct M, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R ChinaLiu, Yaowen论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Tongji Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Shanghai Key Lab Special Artificial Microstruct M, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China Tongji Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Shanghai Key Lab Special Artificial Microstruct M, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China
- [24] Efficient spintronic THz emitters without external magnetic fieldAPPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 2025, 126 (03)Khan, Amir论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Tech Univ Darmstadt, New Mat Elect Grp, Merckstr 25, D-64283 Darmstadt, Germany Tech Univ Darmstadt, New Mat Elect Grp, Merckstr 25, D-64283 Darmstadt, GermanyBeermann, Nicolas Sylvester论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Bielefeld Univ, Fac Phys, Univ Str 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany Tech Univ Darmstadt, New Mat Elect Grp, Merckstr 25, D-64283 Darmstadt, GermanySharma, Shalini论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Tech Univ Darmstadt, New Mat Elect Grp, Merckstr 25, D-64283 Darmstadt, Germany Tech Univ Darmstadt, New Mat Elect Grp, Merckstr 25, D-64283 Darmstadt, GermanySchneider, Tiago de Oliveira论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Tech Univ Darmstadt, New Mat Elect Grp, Merckstr 25, D-64283 Darmstadt, Germany Tech Univ Darmstadt, New Mat Elect Grp, Merckstr 25, D-64283 Darmstadt, GermanyZhang, Wentao论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Bielefeld Univ, Fac Phys, Univ Str 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany Tech Univ Darmstadt, New Mat Elect Grp, Merckstr 25, D-64283 Darmstadt, GermanyTurchinovich, Dmitry论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Bielefeld Univ, Fac Phys, Univ Str 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany Tech Univ Darmstadt, New Mat Elect Grp, Merckstr 25, D-64283 Darmstadt, GermanyMeinert, Markus论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Tech Univ Darmstadt, New Mat Elect Grp, Merckstr 25, D-64283 Darmstadt, Germany Tech Univ Darmstadt, New Mat Elect Grp, Merckstr 25, D-64283 Darmstadt, Germany
- [25] Electric field control of Skyrmions in magnetic nanodisksAPPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 2016, 108 (15)Nakatani, Y.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Electrocommun, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 1828585, Japan Univ Electrocommun, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 1828585, JapanHayashi, M.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Natl Inst Mat Sci, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan Univ Electrocommun, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 1828585, Japan论文数: 引用数: h-index:机构:论文数: 引用数: h-index:机构:Ohno, H.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Tohoku Univ, Elect Commun Res Inst, Lab Nanoelect & Spintron, Aoba Ku, 2-1-1 Katahira, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan Tohoku Univ, Ctr Spintron Integrated Syst, Aoba Ku, 2-1-1 Katahira, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan Tohoku Univ, Ctr Innovat Integrated Elect Syst, Aoba Ku, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 9800845, Japan Tohoku Univ, WPI Adv Inst Mat Res, Aoba Ku, 2-1-1 Katahira, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan Univ Electrocommun, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 1828585, Japan
- [26] Skyrmions in dynamic magnetic field: Hysteresis behaviorPHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS, 2025, 659Akyildiz, Aymila论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Dokuz Eylul Univ, Grad Sch Nat & Appl Sci, TR-35160 Izmir, Turkiye Dokuz Eylul Univ, Grad Sch Nat & Appl Sci, TR-35160 Izmir, TurkiyeAkinci, Umit论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Dokuz Eylul Univ, Dept Phys, TR-35160 Izmir, Turkiye Dokuz Eylul Univ, Grad Sch Nat & Appl Sci, TR-35160 Izmir, Turkiye
- [27] Magnetic-Field-Assisted Diffusion Motion of Magnetic SkyrmionsACS NANO, 2022, 16 (10) : 15927 - 15934Qin, Gang论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Fudan Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Lab Adv Mat, Shanghai Key Lab Mol Catalysis & Innovat Mat, Shanghai 200438, Peoples R China Fudan Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Lab Adv Mat, Shanghai Key Lab Mol Catalysis & Innovat Mat, Shanghai 200438, Peoples R ChinaZhang, Ruixuan论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Fudan Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Lab Adv Mat, Shanghai Key Lab Mol Catalysis & Innovat Mat, Shanghai 200438, Peoples R China Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311100, Peoples R China Fudan Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Lab Adv Mat, Shanghai Key Lab Mol Catalysis & Innovat Mat, Shanghai 200438, Peoples R ChinaYang, Chendi论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Fudan Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Lab Adv Mat, Shanghai Key Lab Mol Catalysis & Innovat Mat, Shanghai 200438, Peoples R China Fudan Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Lab Adv Mat, Shanghai Key Lab Mol Catalysis & Innovat Mat, Shanghai 200438, Peoples R ChinaLv, Xiaowei论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Fudan Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Lab Adv Mat, Shanghai Key Lab Mol Catalysis & Innovat Mat, Shanghai 200438, Peoples R China Fudan Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Lab Adv Mat, Shanghai Key Lab Mol Catalysis & Innovat Mat, Shanghai 200438, Peoples R ChinaPei, Ke论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Fudan Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Lab Adv Mat, Shanghai Key Lab Mol Catalysis & Innovat Mat, Shanghai 200438, Peoples R China Fudan Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Lab Adv Mat, Shanghai Key Lab Mol Catalysis & Innovat Mat, Shanghai 200438, Peoples R ChinaYang, Liting论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Fudan Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Lab Adv Mat, Shanghai Key Lab Mol Catalysis & Innovat Mat, Shanghai 200438, Peoples R China Fudan Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Lab Adv Mat, Shanghai Key Lab Mol Catalysis & Innovat Mat, Shanghai 200438, Peoples R ChinaLiu, Xianhu论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Fudan Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Lab Adv Mat, Shanghai Key Lab Mol Catalysis & Innovat Mat, Shanghai 200438, Peoples R China Zhengzhou Univ, Key Lab Mat Proc & Mold, Minist Educ, Zhengzhou 450002, Peoples R China Fudan Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Lab Adv Mat, Shanghai Key Lab Mol Catalysis & Innovat Mat, Shanghai 200438, Peoples R ChinaZhang, Xuefeng论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Fudan Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Lab Adv Mat, Shanghai Key Lab Mol Catalysis & Innovat Mat, Shanghai 200438, Peoples R China Hangzhou Dianzi Univ, Inst Adv Magnet Mat, Coll Mat & Environm Engn, Hangzhou 310012, Peoples R China Fudan Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Lab Adv Mat, Shanghai Key Lab Mol Catalysis & Innovat Mat, Shanghai 200438, Peoples R ChinaChe, Renchao论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Fudan Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Lab Adv Mat, Shanghai Key Lab Mol Catalysis & Innovat Mat, Shanghai 200438, Peoples R China Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311100, Peoples R China Fudan Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Lab Adv Mat, Shanghai Key Lab Mol Catalysis & Innovat Mat, Shanghai 200438, Peoples R China
- [28] Controlled creation of nanometric skyrmions using external magnetic fieldsAPPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 2017, 111 (09)论文数: 引用数: h-index:机构:
- [29] Skyrmions in antiferromagnets: Thermal stability and the effect of external field and impuritiesJOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 2020, 127 (21)Potkina, Maria N.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Iceland, Sci Inst, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland Univ Iceland, Fac Phys Sci, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland St Petersburg State Univ, Dept Phys, St Petersburg 198504, Russia ITMO Univ, Fac Phys & Engn, St Petersburg 197101, Russia Univ Iceland, Sci Inst, IS-107 Reykjavik, IcelandLobanov, Igor S.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: St Petersburg State Univ, Dept Phys, St Petersburg 198504, Russia ITMO Univ, Fac Phys & Engn, St Petersburg 197101, Russia Univ Iceland, Sci Inst, IS-107 Reykjavik, IcelandJonsson, Hannes论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Iceland, Sci Inst, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland Univ Iceland, Fac Phys Sci, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland Aalto Univ, Dept Appl Phys, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland Univ Iceland, Sci Inst, IS-107 Reykjavik, IcelandUzdin, Valery M.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: St Petersburg State Univ, Dept Phys, St Petersburg 198504, Russia ITMO Univ, Fac Phys & Engn, St Petersburg 197101, Russia Univ Iceland, Sci Inst, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
- [30] Magnetic skyrmions in confined geometries: Effect of the magnetic field and the disorderJOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS, 2018, 455 : 3 - 8Juge, Romeo论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Spintec,Grenoble INP,INAC Spintec, F-38000 Grenoble, France Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Spintec,Grenoble INP,INAC Spintec, F-38000 Grenoble, FranceJe, Soong-Geun论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Spintec,Grenoble INP,INAC Spintec, F-38000 Grenoble, France Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Spintec,Grenoble INP,INAC Spintec, F-38000 Grenoble, FranceChaves, Dayane de Souza论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Inst Neel, 25 Ave Martyrs,BP 166, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Spintec,Grenoble INP,INAC Spintec, F-38000 Grenoble, FrancePizzini, Stefania论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Inst Neel, 25 Ave Martyrs,BP 166, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Spintec,Grenoble INP,INAC Spintec, F-38000 Grenoble, FranceBuda-Prejbeanu, Liliana D.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Spintec,Grenoble INP,INAC Spintec, F-38000 Grenoble, France Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Spintec,Grenoble INP,INAC Spintec, F-38000 Grenoble, FranceAballe, Lucia论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: ALBA Synchrotron Light Facil, Carrer Llum 2-26, Cerdanyola Del Valles 08290, Barcelona, Spain Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Spintec,Grenoble INP,INAC Spintec, F-38000 Grenoble, FranceFoerster, Michael论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: ALBA Synchrotron Light Facil, Carrer Llum 2-26, Cerdanyola Del Valles 08290, Barcelona, Spain Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Spintec,Grenoble INP,INAC Spintec, F-38000 Grenoble, FranceLocatelli, Andrea论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Elettra Sincrotrone SCpA, SS 14 Km 163-5 AREA Sci Pk, I-34149 Trieste, Italy Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Spintec,Grenoble INP,INAC Spintec, F-38000 Grenoble, FranceMentes, Tevfik Onur论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Elettra Sincrotrone SCpA, SS 14 Km 163-5 AREA Sci Pk, I-34149 Trieste, Italy Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Spintec,Grenoble INP,INAC Spintec, F-38000 Grenoble, FranceSala, Alessandro论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Elettra Sincrotrone SCpA, SS 14 Km 163-5 AREA Sci Pk, I-34149 Trieste, Italy Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Spintec,Grenoble INP,INAC Spintec, F-38000 Grenoble, FranceMaccherozzi, Francesco论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Diamond Light Source, Didcot OX11 0DE, Oxon, England Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Spintec,Grenoble INP,INAC Spintec, F-38000 Grenoble, FranceDhesi, Sarnjeet S.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Diamond Light Source, Didcot OX11 0DE, Oxon, England Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Spintec,Grenoble INP,INAC Spintec, F-38000 Grenoble, FranceAuffret, Stephane论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Spintec,Grenoble INP,INAC Spintec, F-38000 Grenoble, France Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Spintec,Grenoble INP,INAC Spintec, F-38000 Grenoble, FranceGautier, Eric论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Spintec,Grenoble INP,INAC Spintec, F-38000 Grenoble, France Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Spintec,Grenoble INP,INAC Spintec, F-38000 Grenoble, FranceGaudin, Gilles论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Spintec,Grenoble INP,INAC Spintec, F-38000 Grenoble, France Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Spintec,Grenoble INP,INAC Spintec, F-38000 Grenoble, FranceVogel, Jan论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Inst Neel, 25 Ave Martyrs,BP 166, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Spintec,Grenoble INP,INAC Spintec, F-38000 Grenoble, FranceBoulle, Olivier论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Spintec,Grenoble INP,INAC Spintec, F-38000 Grenoble, France Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Spintec,Grenoble INP,INAC Spintec, F-38000 Grenoble, France