Analysis of Mutual Coupling Algorithms for a Dipole Array

There is a growing need for more effective phased array calibration, both initial and in situ. Mutual coupling is a useful mechanism for gathering amplitude and phase information about transmit and receive chains forming the frontend and backend electronics behind each element. However, modeling and characterizing mutual coupling in large arrays with modern antenna elements is often complicated because of their complex geometry, nulls in coupling, edge effects, changes over time/temperature, and more. This paper details an investigation into how such array behavior can be roughly modeled using a simplified numerical electromagnetic framework that allows for larger arrays to be modeled to inform and help develop approximate mutual coupling calibration algorithms for arrays with element-level behavior.