Clinical principles in the management of hamstring injuries

Hamstring injuries are among the most common muscle injuries seen in sports clinical practice. This narrative review covers essential knowledge of hamstring injuries, ranging from strains to total proximal three-tendon ruptures. The primary aim is to provide basic information for clinicians and sports medicine therapists dealing with hamstring problems. In this review, existing literature of hamstring injuries was taken together. Emphasis was given to subjects less well covered in previous reviews, such as preventive measures, as well as the most relevant information needed in the treatment of these injuries. Occasionally, symptoms remain after hamstring injuries which can be successfully treated with surgery. Knowledge of the effectiveness of preventive measures and nonsurgical and surgical treatment is limited by small studies of low evidence level. Evidence-based treatment algorithms are not available. Larger studies of better quality with more concrete grading of hamstring tears are needed to improve knowledge in prevention and treatment of hamstring injuries. IV.