A survey on applications of Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers in smart power grids

Optimization algorithms play a significant role in the optimal solution of various problems in Smart Grid. Distributed algorithms are of considerable research interest as these algorithms replace the centrally computed algorithms. This paper surveys the literature on the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) algorithm, its versions and their applications in Smart grid operation and control, particularly in Optimal Power Flow (OPF), Economic Dispatch (ED), Demand Response (DR), pricing mechanism, Electric Vehicles (EVs), Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), Multi Energy Systems (MES), Peer to Peer (P2P) trading, resilience, forecast techniques, State Estimation (SE), and some miscellaneous topics. This paper presented research gaps and future directions on all these applications in smart grids. Furthermore, it provided a joint research gap on all these applications, such as the impact of communication failures or communication delays, effect of uncertainties, incorporating the fraudulent behaviour of participants, usage of Blockchain technology, implementation of smart contract on the performance of these algorithms. Furthermore, the work has developed a decentralized and distributed automatic electricity trading mechanism for the independent microgrid without needing a central aggregator.