Nickel-rich and cobalt-free layered oxide cathode materials for lithium ion batteries

For conventional cathode materials, cobalt plays an important role, but the cobalt content of lithium battery cathode materials must be reduced because of the scarcity of cobalt resources, high price fluctuations, and other factors that cannot be ignored. Nickel-rich and cobalt-free layered oxides have dual competitive advantages in reducing cathode costs and increasing energy density, thereby opening a new path for the sustainable devel-opment of electric vehicle batteries. Therefore, the development of new nickel-rich and cobalt-free cathode materials has become the primary task. This review starts with the two aspects of composition modification and structure modification. It comprehensively summarizes and analyzes the development of nickel-rich and cobalt- free materials. This review helps researchers fully understand the recent development of nickel-rich and cobalt- free materials and proposes solutions and future research directions for current research deficiencies on nickel- rich and cobalt-free materials.