Control techniques and programming issues for time delayed Internet based teleoperation

This article focuses on Internet-based real time control, such as remote bilateral teleoperation. In such applications, it is required that the control loop be closed through a time delayed network. This paper focuses on two control strategies (based on wave variables and a time forward observer), bandwidth issues, and some related programming details. Experimental results of bilateral teleoperation via the Internet between Atlanta and Tokyo are given. The system used is a two-degree-of-freedom haptic interface, bilaterally coupled to a simulation (implemented on a windows NT based computer) of a similar system.