Economies of scale and international business cycles

This paper incorporates sloping marginal cost curves and their variations across industries into an open macro model, motivated by the fact that industries' output, imports, and exports are more procyclical when their economies of scale arise from sloping marginal cost curves rather than fixed costs. The model, consistent with the data, delivers endogenous within-firm interdependence across markets and export gains/losses, which reproduce observed industrial business cycle patterns as well as more correlated aggregate business cycles across countries. The findings highlight the importance of marginal cost structures in international business cycle research. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.