[1] Univ Hosp Birmingham NHS Fdn Trust, Dept Surg, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
[2] Univ Birmingham, Inst Translat Med, NIHR Global Hlth Unit Global Surg, Birmingham, W Midlands, England
[3] Queens Med Ctr, East Midlands Major Trauma Ctr, Dept Major Trauma, Nottingham, England
[4] Los Angeles Cty & USC Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Trauma & Acute Care Surg, Los Angeles, CA USA
[5] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Ctr Translat Injury Res, McGovern Med Sch, Houston, TX 77030 USA
[6] Univ Hosp Sussex NHS Fdn Trust, Dept Surg, Brighton, E Sussex, England
[7] Univ Queensland, Sch Biomed Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
[8] Salford Royal NHS Fdn Trust, Dept Surg, Salford, Lancs, England
[9] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Surg, Div Acute Care Surg, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA