Consistent Individual Differences Drive Collective Behavior and Group Functioning of Schooling Fish

被引:270
|
作者
Jolles, Jolle W. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Boogert, Neeltje J. [1 ,4 ]
Sridhar, Vivek H. [2 ,3 ]
Couzin, Iain D. [2 ,3 ]
Manica, Andrea [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3DT, England
[2] Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Dept Collect Behav, Obstberg 1, D-78315 Radolfzell am Bodensee, Germany
[3] Univ Konstanz, Dept Biol, Univ Str 10, D-78464 Constance, Germany
[4] Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn Campus, Penryn TR10 9FE, Cornwall, England
基金
美国国家科学基金会; 英国生物技术与生命科学研究理事会;
关键词
PERSONALITY-DIFFERENCES; ANIMAL GROUPS; BOLDNESS; REPEATABILITY; DYNAMICS; EVOLUTIONARY; FITNESS; LINK;
D O I
10.1016/j.cub.2017.08.004
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
The ubiquity of consistent inter-individual differences in behavior ("animal personalities'') [1, 2] suggests that they might play a fundamental role in driving the movements and functioning of animal groups [3, 4], including their collective decision-making, foraging performance, and predator avoidance. Despite increasing evidence that highlights their importance [5-16], we still lack a unified mechanistic framework to explain and to predict how consistent inter-individual differences may drive collective behavior. Here we investigate how the structure, leadership, movement dynamics, and foraging performance of groups can emerge from inter-individual differences by high-resolution tracking of known behavioral types in free-swimming stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) shoals. We show that individual's propensity to stay near others, measured by a classic "sociability'' assay, was negatively linked to swim speed across a range of contexts, and predicted spatial positioning and leadership within groups as well as differences in structure and movement dynamics between groups. In turn, this trait, together with individual's exploratory tendency, measured by a classic "boldness'' assay, explained individual and group foraging performance. These effects of consistent individual differences on group-level states emerged naturally from a generic model of self-organizing groups composed of individuals differing in speed and goal-orientedness. Our study provides experimental and theoretical evidence for a simple mechanism to explain the emergence of collective behavior from consistent individual differences, including variation in the structure, leadership, movement dynamics, and functional capabilities of groups, across social and ecological scales. In addition, we demonstrate individual performance is conditional on group composition, indicating how social selection may drive behavioral differentiation between individuals.
引用
收藏
页码:2862 / +
页数:14
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