Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in stable patients with COPD

Purpose of review Long-term noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIV) used to be a controversial form of therapy for patients with stable hypercapnic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (SH-COPD). New evidence described in this review defines the optimal settings, timing and target population for NIV utilization in SH-COPD necessary to maximize its benefit. Recent findings NIV, when titrated appropriately, leads to improved clinical outcomes. High inspiratory positive airway pressures aimed at decreasing CO(2)levels can ensure NIV success in SH-COPD. NIV initiated when patients remain hypercapnic whereas in a clinical stable state following an acute exacerbation can prolong the time to a readmission. Technological advances in NIV algorithms and remote monitoring have the potential to improve use and titration. NIV and portable NIV improve exercise tolerance and may accentuate the benefits derived from pulmonary rehabilitation alone. Use of high-intensity NIV in SH-COPD is beneficial yet appropriate patient selection and implementation is paramount.