The autonomy of the democratic state: Rejoinder to Carpenter, Ginsberg, and Shefter

While democratic states may manipulate public opinion and mobilize society to serve their interests, a focus on such active efforts may distract us from the passive, default condition of ignorance-based state autonomy. The electorate's ignorance ensures that most of what modern states do is unknown to "society," and thus need not even acquire social approval, whether manipulated or spontaneous. Similarly, suggestions that democratic states may be "captured" by societal groups must take cognizance of the factors that enable elites to serve the interests of specific societal groups at the expense of the larger society. Bringing studies of voter ignorance into the analysis of state's autonomy from society provides a novel approach to the study of democratic states' autonomy, while also serving to explain how societal "capture" of state policies is possible.