Acceptability and feasibility of the Heartfulness Way: A social-emotional learning program for school-going adolescents in India

Background: The interest in life skills education programs in schools is growing. Yet, there is limited evidence on implementation indicators for such programs in low-income countries.Aim: We present a qualitative evaluation of the acceptability and feasibility of the Heartfulness Way program-a secondary school-based social-emotional program, based on mindfulness techniques delivered by teachers in India.Methods: This qualitative study collected data from 12 schools in four Indian cities, namely, Chennai, Hyderabad, Prayagraj, and Pune. Data collection included focus group discussions with adolescents (n = 24) and teachers (n = 12), semistructured interviews with school principals (n = 12), program delivering teachers (n = 7), and program staff (n = 4). A thematic analysis was performed using NVivo 12. Results: Overall, the mindfulness-based classroom curriculum was strongly supported by participants. Acceptability was determined by positive responses, prosocial behavior, self-acceptance, and supportive bonds, according to students. Several themes of perceived benefits of the program including, improved relationships among peers and between students and teachers were identified. In general, the teachers' interviews indicated that there was a high level of satisfaction with the training and curriculum provided by the program. Teachers were able to provide high coverage (75%-80%) of the program activities, but several potential barriers were also identified, including insufficient training for teachers and the need for direct supervision.Conclusion: The Heartfulness Way program, a social-emotional learning intervention, has shown strong support for acceptance and delivery by school communities. Future studies are needed to examine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of this program for improving the health and well-being of school-aged adolescents.