Descent and divine paternity in the Gospel of John: Does the mother matter?

The role of the mother of Jesus is explored in view of ancient constructions of paternity especially as expressed in the Aristotelian theory of epigenesis. It concludes that beyond framing Jesus' life in the flesh, she is present under the cross as his kin in a group uniquely composed of family and friends together. As Jesus entrusts her and the beloved disciple to each other, a process is begun whereby a familia dei comes into being - in which the matter provided by the mother is superfluous. These children are begotten/born from above 'not of blood(s) or of the will of flesh or of the will of man but of God'-alone.