Analysis of acid-labile subunit and its usefulness in pediatrics

The acid-labile subunit (ALS) is an 85 kDa glycoprotein that belongs to the leucine-rich repeat superfamily. It mainly circulates in serum bound to a high molecular weight ternary complex. The main and most widely studied function of ALS is to prolong the half-life of the binary complex formed by insulin-like growth factors type 1 and 2 and its transport proteins 3 and 5. ALS serum levels are lower in neonates, reach a peak in late puberty, and then slowly decrease throughout adulthood. ALS deficiency has consequences on growth, hydrocarbon and bone metabolism, and, in some cases, it affects pubertal development. To date, 25 patients with complete ALS deficiency due to IGFALS gene mutations have been found.