A novel non-invasive microwave technique of prediction of glycemia using a microstrip patch antenna

In this paper, we suggest a microwave technique based on the design of a microstrip patch antenna for measurements of glycemia from 0 to 2000 mg/dl using HFSS Software in the range of 1 to 3 GHz. The focus of this work is to explore the dielectric properties of blood using the well-known models in the literature (Debye and Cole-Cole), as well as to simulate the models using HFSS by examining the radiation of the antenna in the blood medium. The microwave reflection coefficient S11 and the resonant frequency were measured and changes in blood glucose shifted those parameters. As a result, this approach accurately anticipates the microwave signal's response. Thus, using the experimental data of blood fitted to the Cole- Cole model, we identified a shift of 200 MHz between normal and diabetic blood. While using the Debye model for the approximated data by glucose water, we observed that the resonant frequency is the same for various glycemia (1.55 GHz) and the shift in the microwave reflection coefficient could predict the glucose level of the sample. The comparative study between the two models in terms of S11Min shows that glucose water could be used instead of blood to predict glycemia for concentrations less than 1000 mg/dl.