Induction of endometriosis and adenomyosis by transvaginal pituitary transplantation in mice with and without natural killer cell activity

PROBLEM: The aims of this study were to establish a mouse model of endometriosis and adenomyosis and to elucidate the necessity of reduced natural killer (NK)-cell and T-cell activities in the establishment of endometriosis and adenomyosis. METHOD OF STUDY: Pituitary glands, submandibular glands, or hypothalami were transvaginally inoculated into the uteri of syngeneic female mice. Twenty weeks later, the recipient mice were sacrificed and examined. RESULTS: Cysts, adhesion of the uteri to surrounding tissues, and adenomyosis had formed in the uteri of 7 (29.2%), 14 (58.3%), and 22 (91.7%) mice, respectively, out of 24 BALB/c mice after the transplantation of pituitary glands. Similar findings were obtained by experiments with C3H/He and C57BL/6 mice. In NK-cell-deficient C57BL/6-bg(J) and T-cell-deficient BALB/c nu/nu mice, an increase in the formation of cysts, adhesion, and adenomyosis was not observed. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that transvaginal pituitary transplantation specifically induces cysts, adhesion, and adenomyosis. Reduced NK-cell activities may not be necessary in the primary development of endometriosis and adenomyosis.