Efficacy of PET/CT in diagnosis of regional lymph node metastases in patients with colorectal cancer: retrospective cohort study

Background Endoscopic and transanal local resection without lymph node dissection are treatment options for patients with a low risk of lymph node metastasis; however, some patients might have undiagnosed lymph node metastases before surgery. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative PET/CT for diagnosing regional lymph node metastasis. Methods Patients who underwent curative resection with lymph node dissection for colorectal cancer at Osaka University between January 2012 and December 2015 were included. The cut-off values appropriate for diagnosing lymph node metastasis were calculated by way of a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves from maximum standard unit value (SUVmax) of main tumour, and lymph node short axis, and SUVmax of lymph node. The cut-off values of primary tumour SUVmax: 7, short-axis diameter of the lymph node at 7 mm, and lymph node SUVmax at 1.5 were set. Result A total of 541 patients were included. Regional lymph node metastases were confirmed in resected specimens from 187 patients (35 per cent). With a primary tumour SUVmax of 7 used as a cut-off value, the sensitivity and specificity of regional lymph node metastasis were 70.1 per cent and 45.5 per cent respectively. With a cut-off short-axis diameter of the regional lymph node of 7 mm, the sensitivity and specificity of regional lymph node metastasis were 75.2 per cent and 82.6 per cent respectively, and with a cut-off regional lymph node SUVmax of 1.5, the sensitivity and specificity of regional lymph node metastasis were 78.6 per cent and 96.8 per cent respectively. When the diagnostic criteria were defined by a lymph node short-axis diameter of 7 mm or SUVmax of 1.5, the sensitivity and specificity were 87.4 per cent and 81.8 per cent respectively. Conclusion Preoperative PET/CT is a useful modality for evaluating regional lymph node metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of PET/CT in the diagnosis of preoperative regional lymph node metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer. The results of this study highlight the high sensitivity and specificity of PET/CT for the preoperative diagnosis of regional lymph node metastasis, with a cut-off SUVmax of 1.5 being the optimal diagnostic value.