Effects of fabric anisotropy and stress condition on small strain stiffness of sands

In this study, to examine the effects of the fabric anisotropy of sand specimen and the anisotropic consolidation stress on the small strain stiffness, the bender element test and the cyclic triaxial test were performed on four kinds of undisturbed and its reconstituted sand samples. The undisturbed sandy samples were retrieved by the in-situ freezing method at four sites in Japan. The specimens were isotropically and anisotropically consolidated, and then the shear wave velocities were measured in three different directions (VH, HV, HH-wave). These laboratory test results were compared to the results of in-situ seismic surveys.