Mixed Lithium Oxynitride/Oxysulfide as an Interphase Protective Layer To Stabilize Lithium Anodes for High-Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Lithium metal is strongly recognized as a promising anode material for next-generation high-energy-density systems. However, unstable solid electrolyte interphase and uncontrolled lithium dendrites growth induce severe capacity decay and short cycle life accompanied by high security risks. Here, we propose a simple method for constructing an artificial solid electrolyte interphase layer on the surface of lithium metal through spontaneous reaction, where ammonium persulfate and lithium nitrate are exploited as oxidants. The satisfactory artificial protective layer with uniform and dense morphology is composed of mixed lithium compounds, mainly including LixSOy and LixNOy species, which could effectively stabilize the interphase between electrolyte and lithium metal anode and restrain the "shuttle effect" of polysulfides. By employing the premodified lithium metal as anodes for lithium-sulfur batteries, the resulting cells exhibit excellent cycle stability (capacity decay of 0.09% per cycle over 300 cycles at 1 C and Coulombic efficiency of over 98%) and outstanding rate capability (850.8 mAh g(-1) even at 4 C). Hence, introducing a stable artificial protective layer to protect lithium anode delivers a new strategy for solving the issues related to lithium-metal batteries.