Optimization of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) production in LED light environments - a review

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a popular crop worldwide among farmers; it is relatively easy to grow and is well adapted to hydroponic and Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) systems having a high profitability margin. Several studies investigated the effect of the environmental factors on the qualitative and quantitative factors of basil: the effect of light is crucial for development, nutritional properties and sensory characteristics. The principles of sustainability, profitability and resource-effectiveness all encourages farmers to use energy-efficient LED light sources. These tools easily allow for the modification of spectral distribution and light intensity; numerous suggestions have been made for developing goal-driven light recipes for maximum cost-effectiveness and for reducing carbon footprint. Here, the results of several studies are summarized for providing a solid base for light recipe utilization of basil production in terms of light intensity, duration, and spectral distribution. Experimental results related to the impact of light treatments on vegetative parameters, phytonutrient content and sensory properties of basil are discussed, and optimal ranges of light parameters are summarized. Due to the increasing number of promising specialized research the wider application of purposedriven high-tech production systems is expected in future basil growing.