Recommendations of mental health professionals and the general population on how to treat mental disorders

Objective The objectives of the study are ( 1) to assess the mental health literacy of mental health professionals, ( 2) to determine whether there is agreement between different professional groups with respect to different psychopathological conditions and ( 3) to compare the professionals' knowledge with that of the general population. Methods Two representative samples of mental health professionals and laypersons were presented with a vignette depicting either a person with schizophrenia, major depression or without any psychiatric symptoms (` non- case'). Out of 18 treatment proposals, the respondents were asked to indicate the proposals regarded as helpful and those considered as being harmful, respectively, for the person depicted. Results Mental health professionals view their profession and less often their treatment methods as helpful. Dealing with the situation alone, electroconvulsive therapy, hypnotics and sedatives are consistently regarded as harmful. For the individual with schizophrenia, mental health professionals agree about helpful treatments. Regarding depression, a lack of consensus is found about treatment proposals such as psychiatric hospitalisation, antidepressants and complementary and alternative medicine. An important part of mental health professionals suggests medical help ( psychologists and general practitioners) for the non- case vignette. Fewer nurses, social workers, vocational workers and occupational therapists (` other therapists') as compared to psychiatrists and psychologists recommend standard treatment methods. Professionals and the general population significantly differ in their attitudes towards the treatment suggestions, especially regarding medication and alternative medicine. Conclusions To improve the treatment of mental disorders, various strategies must be considered. These include permanent education of all mental health professionals, especially nurses and other therapists. A special focus must be given to affective disorders and a potential ( over-) treatment of normal behaviour.