Case series of rare complications related to patent foramen ovale closure devices

Patent foramen ovale has an incidence of up to 25% in adults. Most cases are discovered incidentally and indications for closure are controversial. Percutaneous closure with the aid of devices is justified due to the low complexity of the procedure and the low incidence of complications. The long-term complications of the devices used are not well known and most have been described in the literature through clinical cases. We present three case reports of atypical complications of patent foramen ovale closure devices: late-onset infective endocarditis, early-onset infective endocarditis and atrial roof erosion. Long-term follow-up of patients with intracardiac devices is essential since there is a long-term complication rate that, despite being low, carries considerable associated morbidity and mortality. (C)21 Sociedad Espanola de Cirugia Cardiovascular y Endovascular. Published by Elsevier Espana,