Potential of Continuous Local Antibiotic Perfusion Therapy for Fracture-Related Infections

Introduction Fracture-related infections (FRIs) are challenging for orthopedic surgeons, as conventional surgical treatment and systemic antimicrobial therapy cannot completely control local infections. Continuous local antibiotic perfusion (CLAP) is a novel and innovative therapy for bone and soft-tissue infections, and is expected to eradicate biofilms by maintaining a sustained high concentration of antimicrobial agents at the infected site. If CLAP therapy can eradicate infection even in cases with implants while preserving the implants, it would be an ideal and effective treatment for local refractory infections. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of novel CLAP therapy for FRIs. Methods Nine patients treated with CLAP therapy were retrospectively analyzed. The mean age was 65.9 (43-82) years, and the mean follow-up period was 14.9 (6-45) months. In all cases, the infected sites were related to the lower extremities (tibia, n = 6; fibula, n = 1; hip joint, n = 1; foot, n = 1). All patients underwent similar procedures for this therapy combined with negative-pressure wound therapy after thorough irrigation and debridement of infected tissues. Results The pathogens identified were Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-resistant S. aureus, n = 5; methicillin-susceptible S. aureus, n = 1), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 3), Enterococcus faecalis (n = 2), Corynebacterium (n = 1), and Enterobacter (n = 1); pathogens were not detected in one case. The mean duration of CLAP was 17.0 (7-35) days. In all cases, implants were preserved until bone union was achieved. Five cases relapsed; however, infection was finally suppressed in all cases by repeating this method. No side effects were observed. Conclusion This novel case series presents treatment outcomes using CLAP therapy for FRIs. This method has the potential to control the infection without removing the implants, because of the sustained high concentration of antimicrobial agents at the infected site, and could be a valuable treatment option for refractory FRIs with implants, in which bone union has not been achieved.