Arterial elongation ("redundancy") is not a feature of spontaneous cervical artery dissection

The prevalence of elongation of the internal carotid arteries (ICA) is suggested to be significantly higher in patients with spontaneous cervical artery dissection (sCAD) than in other stroke patients. We reassessed this hypothesis in a case-control study by means of an improved semiautomated MR imaging technique. We compared the length of the cervical arteries in patients with and without sCAD. In 40 consecutive patients with MRI proven sCAD, we measured the arterial lengths of both ICA from the cervical bifurcation to the carotid-T, as well as both vertebral arteries (VA) from their origin to the vertebro-basilar junction. The measurements were performed on the basis of high-resolution, three-dimensional (3D) MR-angiographies with the use of specialized software calculating the length of the coaxial line of these arteries. These results were compared to the findings of 40 age-matched controls with an ischemic stroke due to other etiologies. The mean arterial lengths in patients with sCAD (left ICA 169.62 mm, right ICA 170.05 mm, left VA 233.56 mm, right VA 224.57 mm) compared to patients without sCAD (left ICA 171.07 mm, right ICA 171.88 mm, left VA 232.54 mm, right VA 222.08 mm) did not differ significantly. In our case-control study, cervical arteries are not elongated in patients with sCAD when compared to age-matched stroke patients due to other etiologies. The finding of an arterial elongation is not a distinct clinical marker in patients with suspected sCAD. The macroscopic appearance of the cervical arteries on MR-angiograms does not suggest an underlying elongative or dilatative arteriopathy.