Cold atmospheric plasma-exposed culture medium may efficiently kill cancer cells in vitro. Due to the complexity of the medium obtained after plasma exposure, less complex physiological liquids, such as saline solutions and saline buffers, are gathering momentum. Among the plethora of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) that are produced in these plasma-activated liquids, hydrogen peroxide, nitrite and nitrate appear to be mainly responsible for cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. Here, we evaluated the anti-cancer potential of plasma-activated phosphate-buffered saline (P-A PBS) and sodium chloride 0.9% (P-A NaCl), using a three-dimensional tumor model. Two epithelial cancer cell lines were used to evaluate cellular effects of either P-A PBS or P-A NaCl. Human colorectal cancer cells HCT 116 and human ovarian carcinoma, SKOV-3 were used to investigate the manner by which different cell types respond to different plasma-activated liquids treatments. Our investigations indicate that P-A PBS is more efficient than P-A NaCl mainly because RONS are produced in larger quantities. Indeed, we show that the cytotoxicity of these liquids directly correlates with the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and nitrite. Moreover, P-A PBS induced a faster-occurring and more pronounced cell death, which arose within deeper layers of the 3D multicellular spheroid models.
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Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Med Sci, Coll Med, Daejeon 35015, South KoreaChungnam Natl Univ, Dept Med Sci, Coll Med, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
Oh, Chan
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Won, Ho-Ryun
Kang, Woo Seok
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Korea Inst Machinery & Mat, Dept Plasma Engn, Daejeon 34103, South KoreaChungnam Natl Univ, Dept Med Sci, Coll Med, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
Kang, Woo Seok
Kim, Dae-Woong
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Korea Inst Machinery & Mat, Dept Plasma Engn, Daejeon 34103, South KoreaChungnam Natl Univ, Dept Med Sci, Coll Med, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
Kim, Dae-Woong
Jung, Seung-Nam
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Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Coll Med, Daejeon 35015, South KoreaChungnam Natl Univ, Dept Med Sci, Coll Med, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
Jung, Seung-Nam
Im, Mi Ae
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Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Coll Med, Daejeon 35015, South KoreaChungnam Natl Univ, Dept Med Sci, Coll Med, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
Im, Mi Ae
Liu, Lihua
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Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Med Sci, Coll Med, Daejeon 35015, South KoreaChungnam Natl Univ, Dept Med Sci, Coll Med, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
Liu, Lihua
Jin, Yan Li
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Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Med Sci, Coll Med, Daejeon 35015, South KoreaChungnam Natl Univ, Dept Med Sci, Coll Med, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
Jin, Yan Li
Piao, Yudan
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Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Med Sci, Coll Med, Daejeon 35015, South KoreaChungnam Natl Univ, Dept Med Sci, Coll Med, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
Piao, Yudan
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Kim, Hae Jong
Kang, Yea Eun
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Chungnam Natl Univ, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Dept Internal Med, Coll Med, Daejeon 35015, South KoreaChungnam Natl Univ, Dept Med Sci, Coll Med, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
Kang, Yea Eun
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Lee, Min Joung
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Heo, Jun Young
Jun, Sangmi
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Korea Basic Sci Inst, Ctr Res Equipment, Cheongju 34133, South KoreaChungnam Natl Univ, Dept Med Sci, Coll Med, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
Jun, Sangmi
Sim, Nam Suk
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Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Grad Sch Med Sci & Engn, Daejeon 34141, South KoreaChungnam Natl Univ, Dept Med Sci, Coll Med, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
Sim, Nam Suk
Lee, Jeong Ho
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Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Grad Sch Med Sci & Engn, Daejeon 34141, South KoreaChungnam Natl Univ, Dept Med Sci, Coll Med, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
Lee, Jeong Ho
Song, Kunho
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Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Coll Med, Daejeon 35015, South KoreaChungnam Natl Univ, Dept Med Sci, Coll Med, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
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Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Pharm, Seoul 08826, South Korea
Seoul Natl Univ, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, Seoul 08826, South Korea
Chong Kun Dang Pharmaceut Corp, CKD Res Inst, Yongin 16995, Gyeonggi Do, South KoreaSeoul Natl Univ, Coll Pharm, Seoul 08826, South Korea
Kim, Soo Jin
Jegal, Kyung Hwan
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Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Pharm, Seoul 08826, South Korea
Seoul Natl Univ, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, Seoul 08826, South KoreaSeoul Natl Univ, Coll Pharm, Seoul 08826, South Korea
Jegal, Kyung Hwan
Im, Ji-Hye
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Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Pharm, Seoul 08826, South Korea
Seoul Natl Univ, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, Seoul 08826, South KoreaSeoul Natl Univ, Coll Pharm, Seoul 08826, South Korea
Im, Ji-Hye
Park, Gyutae
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Chong Kun Dang Pharmaceut Corp, CKD Res Inst, Yongin 16995, Gyeonggi Do, South KoreaSeoul Natl Univ, Coll Pharm, Seoul 08826, South Korea
Park, Gyutae
Kim, Suntae
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Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Pharm, Seoul 08826, South Korea
Seoul Natl Univ, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, Seoul 08826, South KoreaSeoul Natl Univ, Coll Pharm, Seoul 08826, South Korea
Kim, Suntae
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Jeong, Hye Gwang
Cho, Il Je
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Daegu Haany Univ, Dept Herbal Formulat, MRC GHF, Coll Korean Med, Gyongsan 38610, Gyeongsangbuk D, South KoreaSeoul Natl Univ, Coll Pharm, Seoul 08826, South Korea
Cho, Il Je
Kang, Keon Wook
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Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Pharm, Seoul 08826, South Korea
Seoul Natl Univ, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, Seoul 08826, South KoreaSeoul Natl Univ, Coll Pharm, Seoul 08826, South Korea