Head-impulse tests aid in differentiation of multiple system atrophy from Parkinson's disease

The integrity of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) remains to be delineated in patients with parkinsonism. We aimed to define the findings of the VOR using head-impulse tests (HITs) and their differential diagnostic value in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). From December 2019 to January 2021, 30 patients with PD and 23 patients with MSA (17 with cerebellar-type MSA and 6 with parkinsonian-type MSA) had a video-oculographic recording of HITs at two university hospitals in South Korea. Reversed (p = 0.034) and perverted (p = 0.015) catch-up saccades were more frequently observed in MSA than in PD during HITs. The gain difference between the ACs and the PCs were larger in MSA than in PD (p = 0.031), and positively correlated with the disease duration in patients with MSA (Spearman's coefficient = 0.512, p = 0.012). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that reversed (p = 0.044) and perverted (p = 0.039) catch-up saccades were more frequently associated with MSA than with PD during HITs. In conclusion, HITs aid in differentiation of MSA from PD, and may serve as a surrogate marker for the clinical decline.