Bi-level Model for Demand Side Management in Integrated Energy System

The integrated energy system (IES) has realized the comprehensive utilization of energy, and the interaction between the supply side and the demand side is more complex. Therefore, a bi-level model for demand side management in IES, considering the income of energy suppliers, the comfort level and the cost of users, is constructed in this paper. In the upper level, energy suppliers optimize the subsidy price to improve their income. In the lower level, the users will adjust their consumption plans based on the subsidy electricity price from the energy suppliers. A solution method based on genetic algorithm and big-M method is used to solve the proposed bi-level model. And the model and solution method are verified in a 24-hour simulation. Through the simulation, the optimal subsidy price and users' energy-use plan can be obtained.