Concentration and source identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM10 of urban, industrial and semi-urban areas in Malaysia

被引:205
|
作者
Jamhari, Anas Ahmad [1 ,4 ]
Sahani, Mazrura [1 ]
Latif, Mohd Talib [2 ,5 ]
Chan, Kok Meng [1 ]
Tan, Hock Seng [3 ]
Khan, Md Firoz [2 ,5 ]
Tahir, Norhayati Mohd [3 ,6 ]
机构
[1] Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, Fac Hlth Sci, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
[2] Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, Fac Sci & Technol, Sch Environm & Nat Resource Sci, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
[3] Univ Malaysia Terengganu, Inst Oceanog, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
[4] Univ Sultan Zainal Abidin, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Terengganu, Malaysia
[5] Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, Fac Sci & Technol, Res Ctr Trop Climate Change Syst, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
[6] Univ Malaysia Terengganu, Sch Marine Sci & Environm, Environm Res Grp, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
关键词
Particulate matter; PAHs; Traffic emission; Principal component analysis; Diagnostic ratio; Toxic equivalent factors; Health risk assessment; TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; PARTICULATE MATTER; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; KUALA-LUMPUR; HEALTH-RISKS; RIVER-BASIN; AMBIENT AIR; PARTICLES; POLLUTION; EMISSION;
D O I
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.12.019
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Particulate matter (PM10) associated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ambient air were determined at two sites within the Kiang Valley, Kuala Lumpur (urban, KL) and Petaling Jaya (industrial, PJ), and one site outside the Kiang Valley, Bangi (semi-urban, BG). This study aimed to determine the concentration and distribution of PAHs in PM10 and the source of origin through principal component analysis (PCA) and diagnostic ratio analysis. This study also assessed the health risk from exposure to airborne BaPeq. PiVio samples were collected on glass fiber filter paper using a High Volume Sampler (HVS) for 24 h between September 2010 and April 2011. The filter papers with PM10 were extracted using dichloromethane-methanol (3:1), and analysis of 16 USEPA priority PAHs was determined using gas chromatography with mass spectra (GC MS). Health risk assessment was estimated using toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) which quantitatively estimate the exposure risk for age specific group. The results showed that the total PAHs concentrations throughout seasonal monsoons for XL, PJ and BG ranged from 1.33 ng m(-3) to 2.97 ng m(-3), 2.24 ng m(-3) to 4.84 ng m(-3) and 1.64 ng m(-3) to 3.45 ng m(-3) respectively. More than 80% of total PAHs consisted of 5-ring and 6-ring PAHs such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (IcP), benzo[b Ifluoranthene (BbF), benzo[kifluoranthene (BkF) and benzo[g,h,i]perylene (BgP). The presence of benzo[g,h,i]perylene (BgP) with high concentration at all locations suggested a source indicator for traffic emission. PCA and diagnostic ratio analysis also suggested substantial contributions from traffic emission with minimal influence from coal combustion and natural gas emissions. The use of total BaPeq concentration provide a better estimation of carcinogenicity activities, where they contributed to more than 50% of the potential health risk. Health risk assessment showed that the estimated incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) from exposure to airborne BaPeq is negligible at all sampling sites for all age specific group. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:16 / 27
页数:12
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