Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Musa Germplasm in Sri Lanka and Selection of Superior Genotypes

Genetic variability of Musa spp. in Sri Lanka is rich and needs characterization for its conservation and use. Genetic characterization using simple sequence repeats (SSRs) is a rapid and accurate technique complementary to morphological characterization. In this study, 27 cultivars (M. acuminate (AA genome), M. balbisiana (BB genome), polyploids and interspecific hybrids) were characterized using morphological traits and SSRs. From the SSR analysis, 2-11 alleles were observed, reflecting the genetic diversity among cultivars and hence an important reason for their conservation. Average linkage method (UPGMA) grouping of Musa cultivars showed some similarity to morphological grouping. 'Angaviaru' (AAB genome), 'Seenikesel' (ABB genome), 'Kolambaseeni' (ABB genome) and 'Embul' (AAB genome) were very diverse from the other cultivars. Wild 'Unel' (AA genome) showed less similarity to Sri Lankan cultivars than the other wild 'Etikesel' (BB genome). 'Ambon' (AAA genome), which was previously morphologically classified as a 'Gros Michel' (AAA genome), was actually closer related to 'Binkesel' (AAA genome, 'Cavendish' subgroup). Fertile diploids, such as 'Unel', 'Etikesel' and 'Navari' (AA genome), are distinct genotypes useful for genetic mapping and breeding. 'Muwanethikesel' (AAB genome), which has no male bud, is a possible mutant of 'Walsuwandel' (AAB genome). 'Alukesel' (ABB genome) and 'Etamburu' (ABB genome), which occasionally produce seeds, are also unique genotypes useful in banana improvement. 'Puwalu' (AAB genome), and 'Seenikesel' are superior genotypes with respect to bunch, fruit and yield characteristics.