Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM), also known as evanescent wave microscopy, is used in a wide range of applications, particularly to view single molecules attached to planar surfaces and to study the position and dynamics of molecules and organelles in living culture cells near the contact regions with the glass coverslip. TIRFM selectively illuminates fluorophores only in a very thin (less than 100 nm deep) layer near the substrate., thereby avoiding excitation of fluorophores outside this subresolution optical section. This chapter reviews the history, Current applications in cell biology and biochemistry, basic optical theory, combinations with numerous other optical and spectroscopic approaches, and a range of setup methods, both commercial and custom.