Skin Effect of Fresh Water Measured Using Distributed Temperature Sensing

被引：7
|
作者：
Solcerova, Anna [1 ]
van Emmerik, Tim [1 ]
van de Ven, Frans [1 ,2 ]
Selker, John [3 ]
van de Giesen, Nick [1 ]
机构：
[1] Delft Univ Technol, Dept Water Management, Water Resources Sect, Stevinweg 1, NL-2628 CN Delft, Netherlands
[2] Deltares, POB 177, NL-2600 MH Delft, Netherlands
[3] Oregon State Univ, Dept Biol & Ecol Engn, 116 Gilmore Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
来源：
WATER | 2018年 / 10卷 / 02期
关键词：
water surface temperature; hydrology; surface energy balance; measurements; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; LAKE; EVAPORATION; RESERVOIR; BALANCE; SYSTEMS; MODEL;
D O I：
10.3390/w10020214
中图分类号：
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号：
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要：
A phenomenon known as the skin effect-a layer of surface water that is colder than the water beneath it-was previously described in oceanography and verified in lab measurements. Only a few measurements have been done on the skin effect in field conditions, and therefore this phenomenon is relatively unknown. This paper presents measurements of the skin effect for three fresh water bodies in the Netherlands, Israel and Ghana. Using Distributed Temperature Sensing, high temporal and spatial resolution measurements were made below, at and above the air-water surface. Measurements presented in this study suggest that the skin effect of fresh water bodies is predominantly a daytime phenomenon and only occurs during low to zero wind speeds. The thickness of the skin effect was measured to be an order of magnitude larger than the previously assumed less than 1 mm.
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页数：12
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