LEXICAL AND GRAMMATICAL SPECIFICS OF TEACHING RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE (BASED ON THE EXPERIENCE OF TEACHING IN HIGHER EDUCATION)

The specifics of working with foreign students in higher education presuppose a purposeful process of forming and improving knowledge, abilities, and skills that enable them to master the system of the modern Russian language, i.e., its phonetics, vocabulary and phraseology, grammar, and stylistics. When working with students who study Russian as a foreign language (RFL), teachers use a variety of methods and techniques that contribute to an effective immersion into a foreign language environment. Such an approach allows students to develop stable lexical and grammatical skills that are necessary for successful communication activity in academic professional and scientific fields. Thus, having mastered the course of "Russian as a foreign language", learners must: know the basic norms of the Russian language for oral and written speech; the main differences between the linguistic system of Russian and that of the native language; new words resulting from the expansion and enrichment of the subject matter, which is the content of productive speech activity involving among others the topics associated with everyday and general cultural issues; be able to use various forms of oral and written communication in Russian and in a Russian-speaking environment, in academic and professional activity; to perceive general phonetic images of words in the colloquial style of pronunciation; to understand the meaning of a sounding sentence as a synthesis of syntax, vocabulary, intonation, and context; to realize their communicative intentions in accordance with their social status and orient themselves in various communicative situations of everyday, cultural, and official spheres; master communication skills in a Russian-speaking environment; the technique of fluent and expressive reading of texts, including emotionally colored artistic ones; the skills of perception and understanding of speech, namely, audio texts and audio news recordings.