Simulation-based robot-assisted surgical training: A health economic evaluation

Objective: To determine the overall cost effectiveness of surgical skills training on Robotic Surgical Simulator (RoSS). Methods: This study evaluates the cost analysis of utilizing RoSS for robot-assisted surgical training, at Roswell Park Center for Robotic Surgery. Trainees were queried for time spent on the RoSS console over a period of 1 year, starting from June 2010 to June 2011. Time spent was converted to training time consumed on robotic console, resulting in loss of OR time and revenue. The mechanical durability of the RoSS was also determined. Results: 105 trainees spent 361 h on the RoSS. This duration converted to 73 robot-assisted radical prostatectomy cases, and 72 animal lab sessions. RoSS prevented a potential loss of $600,000, while 72 animal labs would have cost more than $ 72,000 without including initial robot installation, annual maintenance and personnel expenses. The mechanical durability testing determined breakdown at 180 and 360 h for master control and pinch device, which were repaired under warranty. Conclusion: RoSS is a cost effective surgical simulator for implementation of a simulation-based robot-assisted surgical training program. (C) 2013 Surgical Associates Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.