Coach and athlete perceptions of half-times in high-performance rugby union

Half-time (HT) is an important component of a coach's performance strategy. Qualitative investigations of HTs within elite rugby are conspicuous by their absence in the exigent research. The aim of this study was to critically evaluate coach and player experiences of HTs in elite rugby union, and to identify effective HT strategies. This study utilised a qualitative descriptive approach, adopting an interpretivist paradigm. A purposeful sample of 16 participants (8 coaches, 8 players) engaged in a semi-structured interview. Data was subjected to thematic analysis. The creation of a calm environment, facilitated by an emotionally controlled coach, was a prerequisite to effective HTs. Player recovery and the provision of a succinct tactical and technical plan for the 2(nd) half, devised through a collaborative approach were also prioritised by the participants. In conclusion, participants believed that when "done well", HT offered an important window in which to positively impact 2(nd) half performance.