betanodavirus;
marine fish;
mass mortality;
viral nervous necrosis;
viral encephalopathy and retinopathy;
D O I:
10.1046/j.1365-2761.2002.00350.x
中图分类号:
S9 [水产、渔业];
学科分类号:
0908 ;
摘要:
In the last decade betanodavirus infections have emerged as major constraints on the culture of marine fish in all parts of the world with the exception of the African continent. The occurrence of these infections appears to be a function of the number of species cultured and the intensity of culture. This has been further complicated by the promiscuous translocation of stock within and between countries. Great strides have been made in defining these agents and producing diagnostic techniques but much more remains to be done. Lack of knowledge of the epidemiology of the diseases caused by nodaviruses, except for vertical transmission of the pathogen in some species, has impeded the development of control measures but, even so, the measures identified to date have not been adequately implemented by producers with the result that catastrophic losses still occur on a regular basis.
机构:
Univ Vet Med, Clin Div Fish Med, Dept Farm Anim & Vet Publ Hlth, Vienna, Austria
Assiut Univ, Dept Pathol, Fac Vet Med, Asyut, EgyptUniv Vet Med, Clin Div Fish Med, Dept Farm Anim & Vet Publ Hlth, Vienna, Austria
Kotob, Mohamed H.
Menanteau-Ledouble, Simon
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机构:
Univ Vet Med, Clin Div Fish Med, Dept Farm Anim & Vet Publ Hlth, Vienna, AustriaUniv Vet Med, Clin Div Fish Med, Dept Farm Anim & Vet Publ Hlth, Vienna, Austria
Menanteau-Ledouble, Simon
Kumar, Gokhlesh
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机构:
Univ Vet Med, Clin Div Fish Med, Dept Farm Anim & Vet Publ Hlth, Vienna, AustriaUniv Vet Med, Clin Div Fish Med, Dept Farm Anim & Vet Publ Hlth, Vienna, Austria
Kumar, Gokhlesh
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Abdelzaher, Mahmoud
El-Matbouli, Mansour
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机构:
Univ Vet Med, Clin Div Fish Med, Dept Farm Anim & Vet Publ Hlth, Vienna, AustriaUniv Vet Med, Clin Div Fish Med, Dept Farm Anim & Vet Publ Hlth, Vienna, Austria
机构:
Inst Pasteur, CNRS, Unite Macrophages & Dev Immun, URA2578, F-75015 Paris, FranceInst Pasteur, CNRS, Unite Macrophages & Dev Immun, URA2578, F-75015 Paris, France
Levraud, Jean-Pierre
Boudinot, Pierre
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机构:
INRA, Unite Virol & Immunol Mol, Jouy En Josas, FranceInst Pasteur, CNRS, Unite Macrophages & Dev Immun, URA2578, F-75015 Paris, France