Adverse drug reactions are common and associated with substantial economic and human costs. Particularly among older adult populations, preventable adverse drug reactions are often caused by drug-drug interactions. All analgesics have side effect profiles and many have known drug-drug interactions. Opioids are recognized as a necessary option for managing moderate-to-severe pain, yet many opioid side effects can be enhanced by metabolic interactions within the liver, involving other drugs, diseases, or genetics. J Pain Symptom Manage 2012; 44: S4-S14. (C) 2012 U. S. Cancer Pain Relief Committee. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Leibniz Res Ctr Working Environm & Human Factors, D-44139 Dortmund, GermanyLeibniz Res Ctr Working Environm & Human Factors, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany
Roos, P. H.
Jakubowski, N.
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ISAS Inst Analyt Sci, D-44139 Dortmund, GermanyLeibniz Res Ctr Working Environm & Human Factors, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany
机构:
Univ Michigan, Chem Biol Doctoral Program, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
Univ Michigan, Dept Pharmacol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USAUniv Michigan, Chem Biol Doctoral Program, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
Kenaan, Cesar
Zhang, Haoming
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Univ Michigan, Dept Pharmacol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USAUniv Michigan, Chem Biol Doctoral Program, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
Zhang, Haoming
Shea, Erin V.
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Univ Michigan, Dept Pharmacol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USAUniv Michigan, Chem Biol Doctoral Program, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
Shea, Erin V.
Hollenberg, Paul F.
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Univ Michigan, Chem Biol Doctoral Program, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
Univ Michigan, Dept Pharmacol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USAUniv Michigan, Chem Biol Doctoral Program, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA