Prediction of Extubation Failure in ELBW Preterm Infants

Background: The accurately timed extubation of ventilated ELBW preterm infants is still a problem. With different data systems the attempt has been made to more accurately predict the successful extubation of these infants. However, there do not yet exist any satisfying solutions. Patients/methods: We retrospectively analysed 66 ELBW preterm infants who were endotracheal intubated and ventilated within 24h postnatal. Basic data, clinical and ventilation data immediately before planned extubation and in several intervals during the following 24h, as well as outcome variables at discharge were interpreted. Results: 51 patients were successfully extubated (EE-group), 15 (22.7%) failed extubation (reintubation within 48 h after extubation, EV-group). Immediately before extubation in the EE-group there was found a significantly higher inspiratory oxygen concentration (FiO(2)) in comparison to the EV-group (0.25 vs. 0.3; p = 0.01). After the extubation attempt the inspiratory oxygen concentration stayed lower in the EE-group, whereas in the EV-group it rose remarkably (2h after ext.: 0.26 vs. 0.4; p < 0.001). Neither of the basic data showed any significant difference. The outcome analysis indicated a longer intensive care in the EV-group and a trend towards increased BPD and ROP. Conclusion: The study shows that for ELBW preterm infants the inspiratory oxygen concentration is especially important to predict a successful extubation. According to our data, the inspiratory oxygen demand before and immediately after extubation establishes the essential difference between successfully extubated and reintubated infants.