Evidence for non-random co-occurrences in a white shark aggregation

被引:27
|
作者
Schilds, Adam [1 ]
Mourier, Johann [2 ]
Huveneers, Charlie [1 ]
Nazimi, Leila [1 ]
Fox, Andrew [3 ]
Leu, Stephan T. [1 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Flinders Univ S Australia, Coll Sci & Engn, Bedford Pk, SA 5042, Australia
[2] Univ Montpellier, IFREMER, IRD, UMR MARBEC,CNRS, Sete, France
[3] Fox Shark Res Fdn, Adelaide, SA 5070, Australia
[4] Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
关键词
Social network analysis; Gregariousness; Social behaviour; Aggregation; Photo-ID; Carcharodon carcharias; ZEALAND FUR-SEAL; CARCHARODON-CARCHARIAS; NEPTUNE ISLANDS; ASSOCIATION PATTERNS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SOCIAL INTERACTIONS; BEHAVIOR; EVOLUTION; SEGREGATION; DISPERSION;
D O I
10.1007/s00265-019-2745-1
中图分类号
B84 [心理学]; C [社会科学总论]; Q98 [人类学];
学科分类号
03 ; 0303 ; 030303 ; 04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
Groups or aggregations of animals can result from individuals being attracted to a common resource or because of synchronised patterns of daily or seasonal activity. Although mostly solitary throughout its distribution, white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) seasonally aggregate at a number of sites worldwide to feed on calorie-rich pinnipeds. At the Neptune Islands, South Australia, large numbers of white sharks can be sighted throughout the year, including during periods of low seal abundance. We use a combination of photo-identification and network analysis based on co-occurrence of individuals visiting the site on the same day to elucidate the population structure and aggregatory behaviour of Australia's largest aggregation of sub-adult and adult white sharks. We photo-identified 282 sharks (183 males, 97 females, 2 unknown) over a 4.5-year period (June 2010-November 2014) and found that white sharks did not randomly co-occur with their conspecifics, but formed four distinct communities. Tendency to co-occur varied across months with males co-occurring with more individuals than females. Sex-dependent patterns of visitation at the Neptune Islands and resulting intraspecific competition likely drive the observed community structure and temporal variability in co-occurrences. This study provides new insights into the aggregatory behaviour of white sharks at a seal colony and shows for the first time that white shark co-occurrence can be non-random.
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页数:12
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