Architectural patterns for applications with external user interface elements

Coupling mobile devices and other remote interaction technology with software systems surrounding the user enables for building interactive environments under explicit user control. The realization of explicit interaction in ubiquitous or pervasive computing environments introduces a physical distribution of input devices, and technology embedded into the environment of the user. To fulfill the requirements of emerging trends in mobile interaction, common approaches for system design need adaptations and extensions. This paper presents the adaptation and extension of the Model-View-Controller approach to design applications of remote, complementary, duplicated and detached user interface elements. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.