Stevia residue as new precursor of CO2-activated carbon: Optimization of preparation condition and adsorption study of triclosan

The present work reports the preparation of CO2-activated carbon (AC) using Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) residue as a new carbon precursor. The experimental parameters were optimized via chemometrics tools to obtain an AC with high BET surface area (S-BET). The found optimum condition was: activation temperature of 900 degrees C, CO2 flow of 165 cm(3) g(-1) and activation time of 60 min, providing an AC(op) with S-BET of 874 m(2) g(-1). The AC(op) was characterized from several analytical techniques, which showed that it has heterogeneous morphology features and different surface chemical groups, predominating the acidic character. The adsorption performance of AC(op) for triclosan (TCS) removal from solution was investigated by kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies. The results showed that TCS adsorption process onto AC(op) is spontaneous and endothermic, wherein the mechanism occurs by different steps, which equally play important roles. Additionally, the monolayer adsorption capacity (Q(m)) was found to be 117.00 mg g(-1).