Cross-border oil and gas pipelines and cross-border waterways are two different areas but both play very important roles. One provides energy security while the other water security to countries. Cross-border oil and gas pipelines are built by a group of stakeholders after evaluating the geopolitical, legal and economic implications of the countries involved, whereas for cross-border waterways it is more about stakeholders deciding how they are going to share this natural resource for the benefit of the countries through which the waterway passes. The main objective of this article is to evaluate the legal aspects of cross-border oil and gas pipelines and cross-border waterways in order to find out whether there are any similarities in problems between the two and if there are, what could be done to deal with those problems?